Health and wellness have grown increasingly important in the business world.

People who are healthy and satisfied with their workplace performance are more productive, open to collaboration, and able to innovate in ways that will benefit the company. Research from Gallup has found that highly involved, content employees have a 21% increase in productivity and take 37% fewer sick days. Therefore, how can organizations ensure their employees are both content and healthy?

Increasingly, work environment design is influenced by biophilia — the concept that people are biologically bonded to nature. By placing houseplants, sunshine, fresh air, and other natural components into workspaces, individuals feel calmness, diminish tension, and generate output.

Scholars from the Universities of Utah and Kansas realized that contact with nature resulted in a 50% boost in imaginative problem-solving. All these benefits compile: biophilic features in the workplace can decrease absent employees and increase staff productivity, with fiscal gains starting from £1,000 per employee stretching out to £3.6 million companywide, as demonstrated in Terrapin Bright Green's article 'The Economics of Biophilia.'

Plants have been found to improve productivity in workplaces by around 15% through both physical and psychological benefits, as well as aesthetic ones. They are, therefore, an easy way to create an attractive office that gets the most out of your workers, by keeping them happy, healthy, and firing on all cylinders!

Improved cognitive function

Green offices improve the brain function of their workers. Studies have found that, compared to their counterparts in conventional offices, those with plants in their immediate environment score, on average, 25% higher on tests of cognitive function. This improvement is seen most clearly in high pressure response situations, information usage, and strategic planning - three valuable skills, especially for those higher up in companies. An increase of this magnitude in those areas can potentially make a very real impact on the success of a business.

The reason for this is that plants create an environment that is beneficial to brain function, by directly combating harmful conditions that arise from human activities in the office. A recent study by Gensler found that the three people in a meeting room can cause CO2 levels to rise in the room to a point in which they are cognitively impaired within an hour, as the brain is deprived of the oxygen it needs to operate at full capacity. The study then put plants in the same room and found that if they repeated the meeting, that there was no drop in cognitive ability.

Beyond the air, plants also help by psychologically improving the health of office inhabitants. In the presence of plants, people are calmer, with lower blood pressure, improving mental endurance during the day and sleep quality at night. This manifests in both a more relaxed, and focused workforce.

The combination, therefore, of a well rested brain and body in a comfortable environment, where the brain is able to access oxygen, enables a large enhancement in cognitive function, and so vastly improves worker performance.

Indoor Air Quality

Offices, when poorly designed and maintained, can be detrimental to the health of their inhabitants due to poor physical conditions.

One of the main issues is air pollution. Much of the discourse around air pollution is focused on the outdoors, but internal air pollution can be as much of a risk.

Air filled with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a leading cause of chronic absenteeism, which can cut into productivity and lower the bottom line. Adopting LEED design principles, which emphasize the use of materials that have low VOC emissions, is a straightforward way to address the issue of VOCs in buildings.

A study by NASA found that in addition to absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, certain common indoor plants may also provide a natural way of removing volatile organic pollutants (benzene, formaldehyde, and trichloroethylene were tested).

Degrading building materials, electronics and cleaning products generate harmful airborne pollutants. As well as pollution, the balance of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and humidity in the air can be negatively impacted by everyday office activities, creating unhealthy environments that impair human function, create long term health problems, and are conducive to the spread of disease.

As well as physically, offices can, of course, be very emotionally and psychologically stressful environments. This can manifest in a host of both short term and long term problems, making a less healthy and functional workforce.

The negative health impacts caused by the conditions of the indoor environment are described by the medical concept of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). SBS encompasses a variety of ailments - both physical ones such as headaches and respiratory problems, as well as psychological ones - that are attributed to unhealthy or stressful factors in the working environment.

The symptoms of SBS can be initially small, however, with time they can develop into serious health problems and be debilitating to office inhabitants - reducing the quality of life of staff and impacting worker performance.

Plants are one of the most effective means of combating SBS. Studies have found that office plants reduce the prevalence of headaches and colds in the office, as well as the number of days taken off for illness.

Plants do this as many of their natural processes reverse the impacts of human activities - directly combating issues in air quality. - creating a healthier environment for workers. They are constantly exchanging gases with their environment, which means that they have a large effect on the properties of ambient air - absorbing CO2 and releasing Oxygen, whilst buffering the humidity of the air.

Beyond physical impacts, plants in the office can counteract the psychological impacts of the office. Plants reduce blood pressure and create a more relaxed environment. Their presence in offices, therefore, has been found to reduce feelings of tension, anxiety, depression and anger; as well as increase energy levels.

These positive functions of plants have tangible impacts on the office. ‘Green offices' can have as much as 30% fewer days off from sickness, as well as vastly improved feelings of well-being of those in the office. Creating a more present and effective workforce.

The happier and more creative workforce

Everybody knows that we are better at doing something if we're happy doing it. This applies to the business world too - with employees who describe themselves as joyful 20% more productive than those who don't. This can lead to significant impacts on company performance with the stock prices of Fortune's “100 Best Companies to Work for" rising 14% per year from 1998 to 2005, while companies not on the list reported only a 6% increase.

Offices that are greener have a happier workforce. The psychological impacts make people more relaxed and so enable happier interactions between workers, creating a more comfortable emotional environment. Workers with plants in their immediate environment have 15% increased levels of self reported wellbeing.

It is proposed that this is down to the ‘Attention restoration theory' This theory suggests that looking at nature can cause the brain to shift into a different mode of processing. Researchers studied brain scans of people who were randomly assigned to look at pictures of a green meadow or a concrete roof for 40 seconds. Even this brief glimpse of nature was enough to shift the brain into a more relaxed mode.

This relaxed mode allows staff to concentrate more effectively and so enables them to be more creative. Offices with plants have been found to be 15% more creative, making businesses more dynamic and innovative.